Essss limited



April 2, 1929- P. M. BALERNi ET AL Re. 17,251

DI STILLATION APPARATUS Original Filed July 16, 1924 3 Sheets-$heet Apri2 P. M. SALERME ET AL.

DISTILLATION APPARATUS Sheets- 51mm Original Filed July 16, 1924 AwgApril 2, 19 P! M. SALERNE ET AL Re. 17,251

DISTJlL-LATION APPARhTUS Original Filed July 16, 1924' 5 Sheets-Sheetlll ' lotion pioocsscs cox-Flori on Within from;

PIERO MABLLLNQ I MICHELE SALEBNL OF E'AHIS,

SALE'RNI, oF GHARI'MG- ooooo, LQNDON, ENG-LAND, 1min ozoooxmo mmrwo,oooloooos too :o; o nwooomom woo- ESSES LIHKITED, (3]? LONDON, ENGLAE'B,11k SQEYEORBEKON OF ENGLAND This ihvontioo l clotcs to the distillationor treatment of carbonaceous and otllcl" mow iol'iols cs occioll Y thoul'i not oxclosivol to sooollod low or medium lolnpcraturo LllSilll onmolly internally hooked aictox't Goo ol1- jock of lihc picsont inventionis to iocycoso tho sorfocc oxposocl to tho ioflooco oil homing moclimnor tllocoolix'lg moclium Whom: such is used; "on allow for oiaponsloocootzraoe'zlooollllao rctorcl; to improve gooco ally flic censor-motionoml disposition oiaiho retorfi-ohomboico that spoco ls ccooomlzocl andthe Volim lo volatile cooslitocn'ts yiohlcl. up oat difioroottcl'npcz'otores may ooi'l'voiiliontrlgg be collcctool separately modconducoecl to separate comlonsom; to increase tho yield of tho morevolooblo oonoiitocnts and. to pro vide on improved mcivllorl. oilrcocring; joints of: the retort, etc", :lluicl tight.

According; to one iooioro of the mascot in" vc'otioo the remarkingapparatus may lac coo stitutcnl by a number troughs or cyllmlors ofsuitable, owl pmfombly imi'llliurro loogrbll.

which mic located side by siclo, zml which are so construedod. orarranged that the moterlal undergoing u'cotmool; tllolio or is mlaterally {r0111 irougll. to trough or fro). cylinder o; cvllnoe In thecosc oi cylimlorslocotccl siolo by sltlo owl. hooftenl ox" formally theseveral cylinders may be in coo1- munlcollon with each other throu'ghoot tlwir entire lcngtll or .fllog/ my loo plocccl o; mooicotio'oWlLl'l on by bcomlal y Walls of o suitable hoiglm o2: provio. 2 slots orrocc-ss'co in the boundary walls whicr z scporoioono cylinder from itscontiguous o yl ioclcm lo the cosc'o'l troughs tloo win]. is or: overthe siclei of one trough into loo cm tigooos trough. The several troughsmoy be closccl in at their uppor ports in may suitable ommmr; io'rcmmplc, common coofl lid or or 01 tho oevcral rotorts of the so Triesmay loo pro "(lead or tlio roof may no formed from a number ofaogozentol molt sect-loos, The tl'mlgllfl instead of? boo-lg placed sideby siclomoy loo sopcrlm and the o'mterlol foo, if (loslroclWltl'fI'EVQiSul of:

' lccfl, from end to and of eachsuperimposed retort or they nioy o0ploccfi and to oncl.

Zflfifillfi, 411ml Early 15, 1,824, and m fireot Britain 15??? ficriol13% 135,365.

Tho. sold om parofcrolwly gzrowicled with sizirriog or agitating loviccsand the focal or lateral (ilischol'gc of the material from onc trough orcylinder to ozoolshor may Too cootwllco. either by regulating tho sgooolat is rototocl or m who at which tho motoriol mlio first trough orcylinder of he occios. Tfih stirringor agitating appw ollilllllfiil thatit sorvcsorlmorily (0o sci? or ogimto tho material without propellingthe somo through. the retort. Tho oropollin of moicxlol from trough 70trough as W" be z'noz e fully explained lleroloolfitom'is eflected bythe hood of moltcriol fed into the first trough of the sorioo sothzobthe rate of feed of the carbonaceous motorialthrough the individualwoughs is dependent upon tho rate of fecal flf llle moloriol into thefifs; trough. The several. troughs or cylinders constitutm film ooz'may, if oleslcel, be. provided wit corvugolaom or; aforesaid so as alsoto indbl? 'iwllc howling surf cc or to allow for expansion orcoom'oction' or both, and they may also, a aforesaid, be providedexternally oi im ol'oolly will ribs or rly localing the troughs side byside and feeding the material "forward from tron h igo NOilgll 1 thelongitudinal. direction of t e s'irics, expansion in tho longitudinal(ll-rec cross scoti on and in the case of corrugations now hocll'opooofl longitudinally in "planes par- 2 l to l'lao of the retort.Proforably, however, tlzcy are formed. transversely and at; right anglesto the axis of the retort, so not: only to increase tho surface exposedto the influcoce of tho heating gases hut also has may be of the kindwhich is so coir.

corrugations, do-

q 1y 01* both intem'isil szci to allow for expansion and conirsctiun 01"ii a i'etoi' in ile longitudinai directimm The corrugations '01 like befox-mm} tsi'cughsalt the entire iengiii 0f the 1791; t m: they may beprovicieai at suitshie iismnces apart throughout its length. In, aswhere 21 1'42 inst is provided with iiiixin device or a device .501:feeding ihe material from End in end. 01" the rsiofi, fshe arms of m.:01" in equivalent devics extend into the corrugw tions as is scrape andciear away any bonaceeus ,terisi. which in .cis to adhere iiiisrisz'sun. 0f the resort and so as is prawns any stir siamisl 541g; ging 0fthe shzit by acting as sariuf sup, 30st 0';- b1'ace. The body 0f fileraters e consiiiuteci by metal ii bricinmi'ii as other refractory 0;? sis csmbiiiation of metni sui issickwm'h the caserefra-tory -mi%ile1iiiisuch brickwm'k heating gases pass ihlmhfi": iscsizszi behindthscozs'ugsied 'bii-sizwsr iisi'iiiiifi a, .coz'rugstediimsg ifiilQlGfQLuf s mm which is iississi exismsiiy ,smi

cruel furihsi: is iiwi'ssss Ehstmssmissies of heat from 119 5:0 tins'stei't, the park thereof Wi'lifih is iucsissii have she fur tnsce mayhe provided estwrfi or i33.il3i"i?.&iv with pro-- jecting i-ibsor finsWiiifih blassms s gsiy hast ed. by the mamas gssss or We The fins may be0? somewimssimiisi csnsii uction to thnss is: purposes inf'iie cylinders01 n'iemsi con ibus'izieii The siisjift 0.. she vicemay sisoi be sncsnsti'scts for expansion and contract-i921, ample, the may besszistisctefi 0-1 more psi'm which are CORCEZHI icsliy mounted mimic031s si i-sisiivsiy tothe o ziisr, 01' else the iii the shaft be mountedwith ii hes-rings" m" which siicrv 0i" longlidinaiexpszssisiz sf theshaft rela'iiveiy tiisretm Accordi1i g to smasher fieaizsre oi", theiziventiox and ifa amiss further sssis driving" the mstsi isi which is2:0 undergo i m tiilaiion and st Kiss time as auxii'sry storagecempartmexr matei'iai, a 1-001? 0';- canopy mg sides nay a pos'iiimnsciabove a cam-m1 ws 7 extending between iZW ban supporieri onwsiis orDfl'f'i as in Far sit inner ends-(1f the reiorts. Disposed sbovu thesaid rauf ozcsnspy and at suitable dis space iautwsnn file inner andnun-i muiwpiws and between the outer pmiiiim \\':H:-1:\.ii:l the remainsor the dryers whvn SIHiLEUu pic-[viiiuni. "liic inclined suivs hi Hisimmwimpy skews. am. we.

in Wm can be so disposesi reiatively to the drying agi' miratus n1'iiize retm'ts' *hm; the mil-serial can be fed therein by i'svity. Timaterial can he raises? by AS s sis? sud discharged an to one moreenciiess (ionvsyur bands r mming: slang shove the apes he farmedb'eneith ms'cerisi amci (i-S'OTS or discharge iis'gi pei's pmvideii inihe 200i 0i. ii e SE11: char bar so thst any desired qusrithe mm body ofii'isiei'ia-i can be is fsiii by gravity onto an andisss convsyor andaims-said 01 directly to the sievstsiwhisk cm 5 i i in bhs 'sry SE02?ask: compartment in in various pmnits therw 01" 'sy the aforesaid hand.cm'ivsyoi.

in order ihzi the said ii'weiitisn may "be bin-1y uncisi'smmi and.:i-ssdiiy c fifid inin we? the ssin-e Wiii now his dsssi'ibed more vwiih ref-T 21109 ts the accompanying b.JWiflg, in which 3-- F'- ;ui's 1is a disgmsmmiiv View skewing; the lay-viii: pm; 915 pismbconstisctecias melding is one 5011s ef the present im'sncizm, and .i

' iiigmrs 2 2i Iii. sins ast eigi ism ti'iersaf;

reimris are is 0t" a central somgsssed tws misfits sash. sot (Jos sisisby sirie.

gsizgwsy, sscii iss" supsiimgmseii p1 sing 9 Fig-mes 3 and i and pissView i-sspsciswiy mi 12' small-s1- instaiistisn'mmpi hanks -31 retoiftss'ri'a'ngei is; s ceiitmi gangu imm i being ceizipossd iii 2W6 0fslipsunwise ses cmnpris is reams,

Figure 5 is Easy-w in ssciioii Figure (3 is tmiisve-s s'ssctisn 0f the 1tarts whics eseii figure 7 is UL isngitiiqiinsi sectional Vi BW sf ii'iscasing si'mwing three sets 0L supsr impsseii retsz'i 'sm.

i are His superimpsssd banks 01." z'eisrts, which, with the objecti'eziucing the nvsrsll space sccupieci'ivy s pisii'i, smbadying ii'ieafm'ussid mimics in combination, are 1!)- rsngsd on ei'iher side (if amain gangwsy 2; gmigways 3 3 (l igure i) right angles to Hm muiiigangvay also providsdf The iiving apparatus may conveniently be (wassi/itstmi i)" eisctmniators i, adapted thieugh flange "ml gassing 5, 5is drive shafts which (i gui'es 7i. and 2) lshiough 'driving halts 7 andgaming 8 0i thi'migh gens wheels 9 if Figures 3 and 4) (proviie. if(iesird wiiii iheresfisr either its migiiuciinsi section of the outer1001* at 112111639 snvi' iiissiisrged i clutch devices), drive the mainshafts 1O, of the 'several retorts A, A the shaft being provided withbevel wheels 11, 11. which engage bevel wheels 41, a on the end of thesh atts a, a of each retort. Through driving belts or gearing thedriving mechanism of the preliminary dryers B, ll dust extractors C, Ccoke coolers I), D condensers E, E and F, F etc, are also driven. Thepreliminary dryers B, B are disposed above each bank of retorts A, Aand'the dust extractors C, C are located between each superimposed setof retorts A, A.

v The .vapours yielded up during distillation are withdrawn 'l'roi'n oneend of each retort A, A into impact condensers E, E the said condensersE, E being located in the gangway 2. The oil, after leaving thecondensers E, E may be passed throughwatei' condensers F, F

. of any convenient typc,-and thereafter the merit, The solidmaterial'which has undei oils may be conducted to a settling tankdisposed bencath the gangways 3, 3 Associated with the said settlingtank are a nuin'lier'of' depending tubes (1,5 extending to differentdepths therein so that aftcrthc oils have settled in layers according totheir specific gravity they may be withdrawn separately by means ofcentrifugal. pumps for further treatgone distillation within the'retorts A, A is discharged from the retorts and passes through the cokecoolers D, D, After being discharged-from the coolers DJ) the cokeisreceived upon endless bands 12, 12 adapted to carry-the coke away fromthe distillation plant. The said conveyor bands 12, 12 are preferablyarranged as shown parallel to the gan'gway 2,2. 13 is the roof or canopyhaving inclined sides which is positioned above the central gangway 2,the said canopy 13 be ing supported on walls or partitions 14; at the 1inner ends of the retorts. Disposed above said roof or canopyis the,outer roof 15 supported on walls 16 located at the outer ends of theretorts The said outer roof 15"is provided. with opening 16 throughwhich the material to be distilled is fed so as to fill the space 15between the inner and outer canopies and between the partitions 16 and14 and the tops of the dryer-s13, B. The main supply of fuel which is toundergo distillation is located at the point 18 Where it is disposedabove a floor 19 provided with one or more trap doors and dischargehoppers 20 so that by opening the said door or doors the material fallsby gravity through the hopper 20, on to an endlessw ing a corrugatedbase to increase the surface band conveyor 21 disposed beneath the hopper 20 which raises and discharges the same into the crusher 22. Thematerial discharged from the crusher 22 is fed on to a second conparallel to the cc ral gangway2 and which is adapted to discharge thematerial through the opening 16 into the space 15 between the inher andouter canopies. The said endless band conveyor 24 is driven in anysuitable manner,

for example and as shown at Figure 2'by bevel gearing 25 and drivingshafts from the mo-- crushed material is delivered to the conveyor 23 bywhich it is raised above the roof of the outer canopy 15, and dischargedon to the band conveyor E l by which it is conveyed to the opening 16,where it is delivered into the auxiliary storage chamber 1:5 locatedbetweenthe inner and outer canopies 13 and 15. From the auxiliarystorage chamber 15 within whichthc material undergoes partial dry, ing;it passes by gravity into the dryers B, B and from thence to the upperset of retorts A, A. After leaving the retorts A, A the solid materialpasses into the lower set of retorts and thereafter enters the cokecoolers D, D. From thence the cooled colic is discharged on to theconveyor bands 12, i2 and conveyed, for exam le,'t'o a briquettingmachine The gases'yie ded up during distillation enter the I dustextractor or extractors G, {3 located between each set of retorts andthereai t r enter the impact condensers E, E and ti. ough mains areconveyed .to the water condensers a RF the condensed oils beingdischai;v rd into the settling tank G,from which they are withdrawn atdifferent levels for further treatment. is the retorts, dryers, etc, aredi posed on each side of the main gangway 2, 2

and as the driving'mechanisin for the plant is located within thelateral gangway 3, 3 the valves, indicators, controls, etc, for theentire plantcan also he'positioned at the centre of the structure, thusenabling the entire plant operators.

to be supervised and controlled from a cen- 'tral station with theminimum number ofv iis these retorts, as shown in detail at Figures 5and 6, comprising a cylindrical casini havexposed to the action of theheating gases,. the gas and air burners or other devices employed forheating the retort being located beneath the retortbottoln. Extendinglongi- Owing to this arrangement, and when the shaft'is rotated thescrapers first plow or i dig into the bed of material, then extend intothe corrugated portions of the retort and scrapeand remove any materialwhich may tend to adhere thereto and finally carry up the particles ofmaterial which have been in conta ct with the heated surface of thetrough into the bed of material. The aforesaid action of the arms andassociated scrapers tends to raise some hot dust above the bed ofmaterial.

This hot dust, as noted hereinbefore, is separated ina hot conditionfrom the gases yield- .ed up during distillation by the dust extractorsC, C. By this arrangement dust cannot be carried along with the volatiledistillates and deposited with condensate in colder parts of theapparatus. Due to the aforesaid in f strumentalities andioperationthereof, the

following effect is achieved, to wit :-the individual troughs remainfullof coal or other carbonaceous material with only a small portion thereofin actual contact with a heated ticles and thus tend to causeconglomeration of the coalinto masses.v The arms and associatedscrapers, however, acting to plow into andthrough the mass in eachtrough prevents any sticking of the particles to the surface ofthetroughand any general agglomeration ofthe particles to each other. Atthe same I time, the stirrers remove the coal particles in contact withthe heated surface from said surface to the interior of the bed of coalin the trough and allow other coal particles to come into direct contactWith the heated surface. The previously heated particles which are movedback into the bed of material distribute their heat to neighboringparticlesin the bed and, while in the bed, allows the heat present intheir surface layers to penetrate to thecore of each article.Thejjstirrers, as

i mentioned hereina ove, do 'not'act" primarily as shovels to scoop thematerial from one trough to the next one, but allow the material toremain in each troughand'not to leave it until it has received itstreatment, the material being moved. from trough totrough by andat thesame rate as the incoming feed.

' By permitting the particles to remain in each in each trough is givento the particles before. they leave the trough. The arrangement isindividual trough in order that the material gets its proper treatmenhall of the particles of each trough are subjected to the same treat- 1nent fora controlled period,i. e. the full value of all of the treatmentthe particles can get such that theparticles cannot be over-treated orharmed even if the particles stay for a short or long period. At theends of the shaft are spherical end members a :1 located withincorrespondingly shaped spherical bearings into the next retort of theseries.

a, a a gland'or other suitable packing means i being also provided.Owing to'this arrangement a limited'amount of'movement of the shaftrelatively to its supporting hearing a a" is permitted. Each retort isprovided at its ends with a chamber A into which exseparated from oneanother by partition plates a ,"a Owing to this arrangement and when thematerial is fed into the first retort of the series it undergoestreatmenttherein and ,as -the retort fills the excess material.passeslaterally' over-the partition plate a There it undergoes furthertreatment, at a higher temperature if desired, and passes into the nextretort where it is subjected to further treatment,.if desired at'a stillhigher temperature. After passing through the upper set of retorts. thematerial falls through the openinga into the first retort of the similarset of retorts situated immediately beneath, where the materialundergoes further heat treatni'ent, the successive retorts of the lowerI series being subjected to higher temperatures than those immediatelyaboveso asto distil oil the oilsavhich volatilize-at higher temperaturesthan those in the retorts immediately above.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figure 7, three sets or rowsot'supernnposed retorts or troughs'are shown. These retorts are locatedwithin an outer casing A. provided with an inlet 2)" leading from thepreliminarydryer B to the first retort A of the series. The material onentering the retort A is stirred and agitated and fed laterally over theside wall a of the first trough into the next trough of the series;thereafter the material passes from trough to. trough as indicated bythe arrows until it reaches the exit opening o whereupon it falls intothe first trough of the series located immediately beneath. The materiulis then fed with reversal of feed as indicated by the arrows through theother series of troughs until it reaches the end trough, whereupon itfalls through an opening a into the first trough of the third set oftroughs, The material is again fed laterally \vitli-i'eversal of feedfrom trough to trough of the third series until it reaches the opening0, leading to the coke coolers (Z, (Z. Each retort is heated by gas andair burners a", a and the several leading from the dust extractors G, Cand:

C to the impact condensers.

An arrangement of this kind has the adare yielded up hy the mirimiucoouemaria;

poribitiou gioios or dividing woiis vantage that the material thoroughlyCrrioii ou any Water present therein is driven (iii in the form of steamin the first one. or two h'ougi'is o! the so while in (he ren'ioiuiotroughs of Hie Hil'iLF tho hyirouurhzm oils are distilled and may hewithdrewu mil :1 proximateily {he iel'uperzztores at whivh they r rial.racking of the hyiirocnrizone into pornmmini; and heovyoils ihorehy{i\'()i(i8(.i umi the yiohi of iigrhtor and mo e valuahie oils is;inoreueeri. The voiui iio cor iituen'is yielded up -Within. oacosepzrru'l'e r1 iu ogh or cylinder of ihe seriee may he drawn. of"? and.condensed separately. and hy permitting several Soto of reit-orts to hosupr im 'iormri or located. side by side, shown atv I space iseconomizod and the ruechaoisu'u iior aci'uoting' the stirring devicescan he Him plifieci.

Instead, however, of coming; the nmiioriei to be disci'mrged laterallyfrom one trough to the next of. the oeric fl Lhe material may undergoindependent or Lv'CIILETrEtP trooi i'ucnis in each trough and hedischarged or tho em]. thereof or removed. thcrofromin any imitahiomanner. In such each trough is p ef:- erably provided with a. device ofthe chm actor described in English Petoui No. 182.601 which serves toogitotc the m Without feeding! the some or only feeding '5 same to onincidenioi extent and at a slow rate of speed. A large volume ofmai'oriui can thus: trcuieci separately in the eeveriri retorts of rhoseries.

The material which is m uodervo treat ment may if desired, be fed into agwstighi; chamber formed by 'iLIEHISSGFJL-Eij/ 1', posed Whmh. r K:-tend to the roof of the reto emi Whioii riivicie be a. section o5 the irougzjh from the main nor tion thereof. The sh. it eorryiu the u iorosaid rotatable arms a may erfi .Zhroug'h thosaid. oheurher e116. the pa.on plates may he formed at away portions through which rho ntmteriai.

i l 1 which enters thoohember is 'feci or pusoeri.

in the 1o ogiiudizmi direction of the retort by the aforesaid. rotatingplates so hot iiienters the main portion of. the irougrh ioceteri on.eithor side of the we. dividing); woii.

Owing: to this errengemeoi the oheroiiier 1s hermetically sealed and.any or ape of the ovolveri. vapours or gases is provomeri. ii. similarurrangomeni; of portir'iijin pfieree rno g; be mnpioyed at any other(iosireci ports of? the ommretusi.

Apparatus ooost-ructooi. 21s uzioresoiri may also he empioyed on o smallscale for iohoro oils given oi? at later etegegiho Sfifififi ibiii theirlower ends with. cui'r given 0%? oiuring tho early stages thedistillation procqss iron;

.ho provided between two or morof ilroughfi Wl'iieh oxi cm} to rhoenoioeinggg roofunri which, Ti are provided at one end 'wiizh e21"opening through which the solid material con poo from one troue'h tothe next'of tho series iurio o. svoling ci'uunoer provirieri with ohafiiepioie having an opening; at its Bower end oniy thuo "I preventingthe eeozrpe the gases and 1 11* pours. The dividing Waiie between theother troughs of the saeri may also he provided. with openings theiroppor ports. for the, o cm} escape of the material ul'ioergoiog 8ezr'i'ment. said openings being staggered. or piueeri reietively to oneuoother so to muse. the materiel to from one trough to oraoiher of iiheseries at different points ti'n'oir out the .ierigth thereof. Bydividing 8 oil rho rotor? into several 11s as aforesoiti. riot oniy canthe eizomn and other "vapours he drown or? soparieiv out volatilehydrocorho'os yieicled up di'ifercniv temperatures timing; the (ii-liliiotion'prooess canhe drawn off and condensed either sseporeteiy orcoiieeriva Tho sisce of tho comieoser is thereby materially reduced asthe volume of steam. com. given ofi during the early stages the processdoes not require to he pesed with the oil vuhOu-rs into tho crmrieusers.

It wiii be obvious that "the 2iforesoirl"iiippa.- roius is emiiicoiiiienot only for efi'eotinrr tho iistiiimion of carbonaceous. metoriols butalso 'ior .iryioe' or oooii purposes, in 3 where the em e apparatus orany section thereof is me for drying purposes, for ex.- oio when poutisbeing veered. combustion or other go. so may he passod throi 1h um oppar-aims or throiiigh any specie section there of. or igho ogiipuretusmay oe heated (or cooled} orterriaiiy or itmey be heated (or oooiod.)

externally and. ioiernoily. In oases where poet or the iike' is beingireaoeci tho he userl' for evaporating the moisture conieined inthepeai; or the like and the lower tiers for subjecting the dried peator the like to (ih'e requisite distiiietion process; The improvementsabove rofcrre' i'to are also applicable to retorte oi the.- type inwhioi'a. the materizri. is sizirreri by stirrers or is fed by means of escrew r otherwise if and to end of the retort Without being uiloweri toescape ieteraliy from ooo trough to the other. 111 such where thefeedend discharge of material takes piacein the longfiiuciinoi reaction.of the retort. a, murlher of superior posed tiers of retoriss can alsohe provided, the material heirig fed as before described rom the uppertrough. to the immedh oteiy beneath it through pipes orconduits intosealing? chambers formed. by plates which extend; from the roof oi theretort to the bot-- tom thereoii and in "which. a sum-way portion isprovided for aiiowing the material to Without escape or the iiko in'mthe ia1- te'rior of tho ti'oughn Fluid tighojomts: mm nbo provideci whennecessary ihrougiiou't the apparatus by moms of shlfiing boxes in whichthis: mei'iium which prevents ingress 01fig'i8S5 of tho fluidisrcomposed of a, matorim having a low mei'ting point such as lead 01'plastic mat-oriai. such clay, 01' by means oi :2, heavy oi oi amiveruienfi or granular such assand, 0021i. dust or ooks brows. Forexample a g'as-tighfijoint "15m be a A between the. roof or cover of i 1His 51x1 por tion, Toy proviling Lanai aiong d g to portion Wiiioh he iwith one or nine? of the aforesaioi. modmms mui into which a.

turne rioia'n flange on iiie roof or top of the retort is aiiapied, iobe inserted. In the case of a mod um such as iea the matoriai is poureiin Whiio 'iizoinan when the iretorts or other portions of the o9 :zmizasaro' i use the modium is opted to meit {ti/$13.9 temporm tum ai'aainoii(luring; normal working, thus forming a liquid 111 the caF-e of sandpowcierod ooai. a: broom: or: the like it has been 5011x501 practicethat aiihooghiheao materials may aiio'v'v a small portion oi? thomafsfior i0 escape when first used it mphily be Comes Water-tight Usemay also his made ii] commotion Wiiii iho retorts of a medium having alow waiting! poir such lead, or m1;- diu'm which will itfsoii'Volatiiizo below the temperature at which the oils which boing distilledfrom the maorial midorgomg treatment Within the retorts liabie to becracked What We claim and desir'e to seem-o Lotters Patent of theUnified Smi es; is

'1. An apparatus for t iiationof carbonaceous materials w precinct r4covei'y, oompz'isiiw o. casing i121 ing' inioi, and

' 'outiei openings; vies m" horifaoni'aiiy eiongatedi trougii-sh'ape'd,open-toppori reform, curved iH tIHHSTBIZSE cross secsions arranged.parallel and contiguous to each other 111mb stantially the samehorizontal piano Within said casing anfl adapted to receive sufiicient'solid material through the inim': opening to filieaoh Total-b, saidinlet andontiei; openings of mid. casing Doing *adjacent op ends of theseries of retort's respectively; means; individual "in each of Faliiiretort-r: or agitating soiici material therein comprising a shaftparallel to the retmqa plurality of on Saki shaft, spaced from eachother in iil direction of the length of the shaft and extendmg radiallyin various directions from said shzift, said shaft being mounted. forrotation on an aKis parallel to tiie'i-otort that he paths of rotationof the outer ends ofsaid arms are contiguous to the curvodmner surfaceof tiilyfotos-t for a substa-ntiai part of tho rotation of the sh aft,whereby a may of soiki carbonaceous material may be maintained in 59.611of the i'otoi'i's iimioxr Toyoaiod agitation by moans aforesaid beforesaid. iiiateriai passes to a @on'tiguous retort, means for heatingnmreriai within the wtui'ts, ami month iluii with said casing im" takingoff I curved in transverse FOSS soc'timris; arrange'd' pni' lioi andcoiiiiguous to each othoz! in subsiomiiaiiy the fnorizonzai plane'wiiiziin said casing and adapts $0 reoo ve sufficient solid. materialthrough file iniei opening "to fiii each i'otori' aid inlet 21x16;outiei Oeningifs of said ca 11g being adjacent oiipk site ends of filosorios of reboots rospz'otiveiyj means individual to each of saidrotoriis for agitating soiid materiai theroin comprising shaft pai'ailoito the retort, a piurzeiity of m 119 on Si'siii shaft, spaceii from eachother in the riirocfinn of the length of die shaft and ox'iomiing r2 dinii in various directions from said hhfi ft, said simii; Being: mounfiofifor r0- conduit connooteci with saifl casing for 1: king: 01 {ms andvapor therefrom and 1 a. flush extm ctr)? cqnmunicating directly withmic] nomiuif and adapted. to separate dust while but from inst ia ienpassing through coniuit v 4 An apparatus for the iistiliation of caniimin jzoozis maiariais with lay-product recmf ory. cm'n'prisingg 3623121;; having ijnl it @n'd 0111 lot. openings no series ofim1-izo1ziiiyiongrated troug'i iiaipod, ope" -toppeci rtorts, mow-(i intranswvso cm pzufniioi anzi contiguous to, each other-in subsiantiaiiyihfsomo horizontal piano within said casing; and adapted to receive.svfiicisnt soiiri material tiu-rrig-g'ii {he iniot openingto sections ar m gd iii! and": retort, said inlet and outi eto'peir,

ingsof said (raising being adjacent opposite ends of H10 eries of'retorts resp'eotijveiy; meansiru'iiviriiml in aci'z of said reto' tsfor agitating solid mai'o'riai thorein comprising a simfi 1')ill!ii(=ritq fho retort, a plurality of arms on 'ri shaft. Show} from each otherin 'iilf rifrooiim-ni iliw inn'grtil oi the shaft andQ'Xiiflfiingjfldiniif in various; difections from said siia'fi' fsaifishaft Ming monntedfor rotation on 2135s pm'llivi to tho rtort so iimi'i'h'o paths: of mm'iinn o'f t'he oui'or ontlsof siiid arms mscontiguous to the. curvedinner surface of the retort for a substantialpart of the rotation of the shaft, whereby a body of solid carbonaceousmaterial may maintained in each of the retorts under repeated agitationby the means aforesaid before said material passes to .a contiguousreturn-means for progressively heating material Within the retorts froma low temperature the re torts adjacent to the inlet opening of the catsing to a high temperature at the retort-s adjacent to the outlet openingof the casing, and conduit connected with said casing for taking; oilgas and vapor therefrom.

4. An apparatus for the distillation of can sonar us material withbyproduct recovery, comp hug a casing having inlet and outlet openings;a series of horizontally elongated trough-shaped, open-topped retoris,curved in transverse cross sections, ar 'anged par allel and contiguousto each other in substan tially the same horizontal plane within saidasiny' and adapted to receive sutlicient solid material through theinlet opening to fill each retort, said inlet and outlet openings ofsaid casing being adiaccnt opposite ends of the series of retortsrespectively; means for corn trolling the rate of feed of carbonaceousma terial through said inlet opening and thereby to control the rateofprogression of the carbonaceous material through the series of retorts; mean nlividual to each of said retorts for agitating solidmaterial therein compris- -lug a shaft parallel to the retort,aplurality of arms on said shaft, spaced from each other in thedirection of the length of the shaft and extending radially in variousdirections from said shaft, said shalt being mounted,

for rotation on an axis parallel. to the retort so that the paths ofrotation of the outer ends of said arins are contiguous to the curvedinner surface of the retort for a substai'i'tial part of the rotation ofthe shaft, whereby a body of solid carbonaceous material may bemaintainr-ed in each of. the retorts under repeated agitation by themeans aforesaid before said material passes to a contiguous retort,means for heating material Within the retort-s, and a conduit connectedwith said casing for taking: oil gas from. i 1 V 5. An appuratusfor thedistillation of carbonaceous inaferiais with byproduct rccov cry,comprising; in combination a drying chamber, n'icans for introducingsolid carbonaeeous material into said chamber, means within said chamberfor moving the carbonaccous material through said chaniber at a andvapor therecontrolled rate, means for heating carbona'-- ceousmaterialin said chamber to dry the material in its passage thercthrough, adischarge passage from said chamber, a casing having inlet and outletopenings, the inlet opening being; in communication with said passage ofthe drying chamber} discharge v a series of horizontally elongatedtrough charge passage from said chamber,

shaped, op n-l verse s Se OM arranged parallel and contiguous L0 eachother in substantially the same horizontal plane within said casing andadapted iZO IQCOTWB sufficient solid material turough the inlet openingto fill each retort,

said inlet and outlet openings of said casing being adjacent oppositeends of the series of retorts respcctivel means individual to each ofsaid retorts for agitatingsolid material therein coi'npri sin'g a shaftparallel to the retort, a plurality of arms on said shaft, spaced fromeach other in thedirection'of the length of the shaft and extendingradially in various directions from said shaft, said shaft being mounted for rotation on an axis parallel to the retort so that the paths ofrdtation of the outer ends of said are contiguous to the curved innersurface of the retort for a'sulr s1 antial part ofthe rotation of theshaft, whereby a body of solid carbonaceous matetagged reto-rts, curvedin trans rial niay be maintained in each of the retorts under repeatedagitation by the means afore' said before said material passes to acontip uous retort, means for heating material wit in the retorts, and aconduit connected with sai d casin g for taking oil gas and vaporthere-. from.

6. An apparatus for the distillation of carbonaceous materials withby-product recovery, comprising in combination a drying chamber, meansfor introducing solid carbonaceous material into said chamber, meansWithin said chamber for movin the carbonaceous material through said 0number at a controlled rate, means for heating carbon; ccous material insaid chamber to dry the material in its passage therethrough, a disacasing having inlet and outlet openings, the inlet opening being incommunication with said discharge passage of the drying chamber; aseries of horizontally elongated troughshapab open-topped rctorts,curved in trans verse cross sections, arranged parallel and contiguousto each other in substantially the same horizontal plane within saidcasing and adapted lo receive sufiicient solid material through theinlet opening to fill each retort, said inlot'zmd outlet openings ofsaid casing being, adjacent opposite ends of the sericsof retortsrespectively; means individual to each a a substantial part of therotation of the shaft,

whereby a body-of solid inaterial may be iniiintaine'd in eaoh ftheretorts under repeated agi ta tion by the means aforesaid before saidmaterial passes to a contiguous remm, means. for leading-gaseous heatingmedilam into-thermal relation first with there- 1 torts adjacent to theoutlet opening of the ,rbi'sing and then progressively with configiiou'qretorts in a direction toward thelinlet PIERO MARIANO SALERNI. EDUARDOMICHELE SALERNI.

